Sunday, October 7, 2012

Let us be realistic and strive for impossible



The title might sound self-contradictory. I will try to elaborate and unveil a logical congruence. Let me start by asserting that we at 99X Technology share a firm, unique definition when we coin the term “Research and Innovation”. That extends way beyond the common notion of searching for unknown. Learning to research and innovation constitutes a vital skill that marks a transformation in a person’s career, similar to a beginner learning to swim. When you start learning swimming as an absolute novice you will be confronted with enough reasons to give up in the middle while deciding that there is something fundamentally wrong with your body that hinders you from drifting through water. Training sessions will be hard while yielding no immediate result. It will look like you have hit a plateau that can never be surpassed. However, if you are courageous enough to keep on trying with faith, at some instance, all of a sudden, you will find yourself making your way to the deep end. Result is sudden and triumphant, but not incremental. It is discouraging enough in the beginning as it looks like you are not getting any result. Same narration is valid regarding research and innovation. Intention of a researcher is not to exceed the existing thing by a fractional increment, but to generate a new paradigm that makes the existing thing obsolete. Good research and innovation strive to generate new kinds of values rather than quantitatively incremental values. Therefore any serious research and innovation attempt would look from the surface as being insane and impossible. In this ground, only the non-quitters will win.

Recent macro economic turbulences have stressed the dominating political economic system in the contemporary world, capitalism, to reevaluate its principles. Abnormally high frequency of recessions indicates that economies should critically probe into the cornerstones of industrial capitalism that is underpinned by speculated value. Twenty first century world needs companies that generate truly authentic social value and only those companies will flourish. This paradigm shift pushes every player to start worrying about values created for and values borrowed from people, nature and future generations in addition to shareholder value. Empowering customers rather than exploiting, keeping constant conversation around products, creating a value cycle that replenishes resources are the prominent traits of new value system. Companies can no longer enjoy product lock-ins to dominate consumers. The working formula is to give as much control as possible to users and to maintain a platform of interdependence that facilitates recharging of organization’s resources using collective wisdom in community. Players like Google have already proven this by achieving monumental growth and sustainability. A winner in the new world order is a company that can align its strengths along this curve. Challenge for research departments would be to harness the collective thinking in organizations to create unprecedented, disruptive values. This is a challenge that would leave even the biggest company helpless as a single entity. It is necessary that organizations put enough emphasis on outside-in approach to create platforms for different talents to coalesce. Universities are vital in this picture as think tanks with unmolded, young minds.

When somebody tells you that he is into research and innovation you should not forget to ask the key question: “What do you mean?”. Above is our short answer to this in both micro psychological and macro economic levels. This answer is bundled with the friendly invitation for all of you young and great minds to become active players in the new world research and innovation platform created by 99X Technology.

This is an article I wrote for the 3rd quarter issue of Dotitude; the newsletter from 99X Technology to the university students.

Saturday, August 4, 2012

Charity - The new consumer product



So if by the time the bar closes
And you feel like falling down
I'll carry you home tonight

-From the song “We are young”


Please allow me to exercise the brutality of cherry-picking a part of a song to abuse it out of its context. I believe that this is MORALLY justifiable given the GOOD INTENTIONS behind it. This part was particularly picked since it exemplifies a swan song whispered by many people today. Literally, what is the implication here? Let’s try to unreel it.

“Darling, you may be having dozens of friends who surround you to enter the bar and exploit you. None of them will be around when you fall down and REALLY NEED HELP. I will be the angel who comes for the rescue. I’ll give you my shoulder. Remember, not everyone is like me…and it’s just me.”

Really good people, aren’t they? Heavenly beauty of the world emanates from them. But let me shoot a nasty question here. Are you certain that the drunken guy really wants to go home? Aren’t you making his ostensible helplessness a mere vehicle for your own feel-good? Is it that obvious to decide on what the other person needs? The question of morality is not as simple as it appears. It poses the ever-confusing question that “What should I do to be good for other people?”

I assert that exploiters are better people than these good-doers. Exploiters at least do not proclaim their acts to be morally good. They just display the basic human drive of using others for one’s own benefit. Even so the “good-doers” practically do the same thing, they enjoy the luxury of standing on the side of good. Let me bring in an experience of mine.

When in Sweden I developed a habit of having a drink at pubs during weekends. In one of those days I got honestly drunk so that I literally could not walk to the apartment and found my self falling asleep in the road (true thrill in drinking is getting into this state. See here for a rationalization to this). Though I might have looked to be desperately helpless from outside I was enjoying every moment of this. I did not, for any reason, have the intention to reach the prison called the apartment. Road was way too good. At this point, a hero entered into the seen. He was a college student along with his girlfriend. He decided that I really need help (you know; college guys are idiots) and that the help I needed was to be under shelter. Two of them carried me to their hostel. I was physically exhausted and could barely resist. The two angels seemed to be a fresh couple, and the price I had to pay for their “help” was to listen to their stupid love story; the typical early-twenties romantic bullshit. It went for hours and they entirely ruined my day. What they wanted was a passive listener for their nonsense, but it was painted as an angelic act of helping a poor drunken guy.

Isn’t this the same way that charity works in today’s world? On one side you have millions of people pushed into utter depths of poverty. On the other side are the people who have sufficient buying power to let them accessible to the infinite spectrum of enjoyments provided by capitalist goods and services. The problem of the second category is the guilty feeling of being mere consumerists in their daily life. This formulates a fruity condition for a potential demand-supply paradigm. The tired consumerist can spend some of his time and money to make life a little bit better for the ones who are in “desperate need” for it. In return the consumerist can enjoy humanly pleasures of doing something for others supplementary to his otherwise-selfish daily life. This sounds at least not-too-bad and it really works in practice. The rationale is that “one cannot make everybody happy all the time – but he has potential to make some people happy sometimes”.

If you sensed the irony in above logic we can proceed to the next step by rephrasing our original question – now – on charity. Does the charity guy really know what the poor wants? Or, is he just projecting his presuppositions on the deprived for his own feel-good? I can assume two major rebuttals against this.

1    1. See the faces of those innocent people and if you are human, you will recognize that they need it
2    2. There are humanitarian organizations that work closely with poor. If you go through them your money is highly likely spent on something the poor really needs.

I’ll develop my counter argument for both of them in one shot. What is the true reason for poverty? I do not buy the religious bullshit on this, namely Karma, which says that poor became poor because they did not do sufficient good karma during their previous births. It is also not rational to land on the idea that poverty is a random plague on some unlucky or lazy people. The reason for poverty is entirely political. There are enough facts to believe that it is an organized crime. Utter poverty is a logical result of the dominant political force in today’s world which is none other than capitalism. Charity is an unthinking, immediate reaction to the popular definition of poverty under capitalism; the definition given to a problem by the process that created the problem. It can be proven that the world is resourceful enough for every human being to enjoy an acceptable level of living if not for a political process that systematically excludes a slice of population making them deprived of even the basic needs while rewarding another slice an amount of wealth that a human being does not deserve to possess. 

The system doesn’t stop from throwing the poor into an abyss of hopelessness. It proceeds to the next inhuman stage of articulating what those people really need. This is therefore a double crime. All what the humanitarian organizations do is romancifying the frustration of the oppressed so that it is put in a rhetoric form to be consumed by the charity guys. To put it bluntly, the system expels poor in the first place and then absorbs their misery back into it as a consumable product. In contrary, a good system would be one that sets conditions for people to have access to resources that enable them to realize for themselves what they really want and strive for it on their own. In no way I’m claiming that state-controlled socialism is this good system. Humanity has to find a better solution.

Imagine a guy buying an iPad. Effectively he has certain materialistic and psychological needs and spends money on a product that fulfills the need. The world does not get changed due to his consumption of the item, and it is not expected though. Now let us compare this with someone who spends time or money on charity. The person has a certain psychological need for feel-good and spends money to buy the charity product. Personal need fulfillment is obviously achieved. However, does this cause any change in the world? Statistics show that poverty in the world has been only becoming worse despite of millions of goodwill seekers pumping billions of dollars on charity. Just as the first case (iPad) the second act too does not do anything to make a difference in the world. Why is the need for making the second act sacred compared to the first? I claim that the second act is worse than the first in moral terms. The iPad guy just fulfills his need with a material product whereas the charity guy plays with someone else’s personal human space to fulfill his own need. In its purest definition, charity is another form of violence. Is it unfair to label the act of those two angels on me as violence?

Some people claim that those who are rich enough should give a part of their wealth away to alleviate problems of the poor to make sure that they don’t fire up violent revolutions against the system. But what is the system that these guys are trying to protect? It is the very system that cultivates poverty. The ostensible good-doers are saviors of an evil system. I think here I am logically permitted to proclaim that charity guys are worse people than selfish guys.

Nonetheless, isn’t it good to make someone HAPPY even for a short moment? Didn’t the eyes of those innocent kids say that they were having the moment of their lives when they received your charity? I think what works here is Hegel’s master-slave theory on human relationships. According to him, every human relationship is of master-slave nature and the slave implicitly knows what to pretend to make the master happy. The poor implicitly know what sort of dialogs to throw and what kind of facial expressions to make in order to please the charity master. What they don’t know is that these masters are great protectors of a system that consciously put them in their current situation. If I were a poor kid I would prefer death to charity.

Capitalism always comes up with innovative products to maintain the dynamics of global capital. I think charity is one of these new products. The ideology today is that the solutions for problems such as poverty, natural disasters and power crisis are already well thought in the macro level and what remains to be done is to enact micro level individual duty to realize macro solutions. The drive is to act without thinking. However, a close examination of these proposed individual responsibilities would reveal that they would not bring the world anywhere more than serving to global capitalism. Humanity is far away from any acceptable macro level solution to any of these problems. An honest attempt to solve them would require enormous amount of thinking to question the way that the current questions are posed before forming a solution. Thinking is not about solving problems the way they are presented to you. The way a problem is presented can constitute a part of the problem itself.


Tuesday, June 12, 2012

Speech in JCSSE 2012


I presented two papers (sponsored by 99XTechnology) in the "Ninth International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering". It was organized by IEEE Thailand section and was held in University of Thai Chamber of Commerce. Paper titles were "Towards Structured Log Analysis" and "A Software Monitoring Framework for Quality Verification". Following is the starting section of my speech on the first paper and links to both presentations in SlideShare.

"Good Morning! I'm Dileepa from 99XTechnology, a product engineering company with more than a decade of history. The work I'm presenting is a research inspired by our constant strive for shining the quality of our customers' products. I guess it will help to start with a comparison between application development and product engineering. When one talks about application development he practically speaks in terms of deals. It's a one time thing. You get a contract, cut the code, ship the application, and you are done! In contrast, product is something one typically has to look after, may be through generations. It sounds more like a relationship than a deal. Now you have to start worrying about long term artifacts around the product. You have to seriously think about the smartest possible ways to ensure that the product serves its intended purpose in long run. Without many arguments, log management is one of these ways. 
Use of log files is as old as use of software products. Log management, as an industrial practice is a vast domain. It includes dealing with different log sources such as local files, network shares, databases and data streams, real time data presentation, log archiving, processing, searching and dashboard visualization. Goals of our research were two-fold; we wanted to do a thorough study on available log management solutions to come up with a review so that there's a central reference for everyone interested in the subject. Despite of its importance, log management is an overlooked discipline in academic research. Not much literature is available in this domain, so a study into the current state would help. Secondly, we attempted to solve an existing problem in log analysis, which is a prominent subdomain in log management. You can find the details in the paper. I'll briefly describe the work..."

Wednesday, February 15, 2012

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                                                                  - āļ…āļēිāļą්⎃්āļ§āļēිāļą් -

āļ…āļĸිāļ­් āļ­ිāļŊāļšāˇƒේāļąāļœේ ⎃ා⎄ිāļ­්‍āļēāļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗāˇ€ ⎀ිāļ ාāļģ āļŊිāļē⎀ී āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ේ āļ‰āļ­ා āļ…āļŠු⎀ෙāļąි. ⎃āļ¸āˇ„āļģ ⎀ිāļ ාāļģāļšāļēāļą් ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļŊෝāļšāļēේ āļļි⎄ි⎀ූ āļ¯āļš්‍⎂āļ­āļ¸ āļšෙāļ§ිāļšāļ­ාāļšāļģු⎀ා āļŊෙ⎃ ⎄āļŗුāļą්⎀āļąු āļŊැāļļු⎀āļ­් āļ…āļĸිāļ­් āļ­ිāļŊāļšāˇƒේāļąāļœේ āļšෘāļ­ි āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗāˇ€ ⎀ැāļŠිāļ´ුāļģ āļšāļŽා āļąොāļšāļģ ⎃ිāļ§ීāļ¸āļ§ āļŊංāļšා⎀ේ ⎀ිāļ ාāļģāļšāļēāļą් āļ´āļģෙ⎃්⎃āļ¸් ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­​. āļ¸ෙāļēāļ§ āˇ„ේāļ­ු⎀ āļ…āļĸිāļ­්āļœේāļ¸ āļ´්‍āļģāļšා⎁āļēāļšිāļą් ⎃āļģāļŊ⎀ ⎀āļ§āˇ„ාāļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšිāļē​. āļ”⎄ු āļ´āˇ€āˇƒāļą්āļąේ "āļ¸āļ§ āļšිāļēāļą්āļą āļ¯ෙāļēāļš් āļąැ⎄ැ. āļ¸āļ§ āļ­ිāļēෙāļą්āļąෙ āļšිāļēāļą āˇ€ිāļ°ිāļēāļš් ⎀ිāļ­āļģāļēි" āļēāļąු⎀ෙāļąි. āļ¸ේ āļ…āļąු⎀ āļ…āļĸිāļ­්āļœේ ⎃ා⎄ිāļ­්‍āļēāļēāļ§ āļ…āļą්āļ­āļģ්āļœāļ­āļēāļš් āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ි āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ේ āļ†āļšෘāļ­ිāļēāļš් āļ´āļ¸āļąි. āļ´ැāļģāļąි ⎀ිāļ ාāļģ āļą්‍āļēාāļēāļą්āļ§ āļ…āļąු⎀ āļšāļŊා āļš​ෘāļ­ිāļēāļš āļ…āˇ€āˇƒාāļą āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļē āļ¯āļą්āļąේ āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļąāļšāļģු⎀ාāļē​. āļš​ෘāļ­ිāļēේ āļ…āļą්āļ­āļģ්āļœāļ­āļēāļš් āļąැāļ­ැāļēි āļšāļ­ු⎀āļģāļēාāļ¸ āļ´āˇ€āˇƒāļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āˇ€ිāļ ාāļģāļēāļš් āļšāļģāļą්āļąāļ§ āļ¯ෙāļēāļš් āļąැāļ­ැāļēි ⎃ිāļ­ීāļ¸ āļ­ාāļģ්āļšිāļš āˇ€ේ. āļ‘⎄ෙāļ­් āļšāļ­ු⎀āļģāļēා āļēāļąු āļš​ෘāļ­ිāļēāļšāļ§ āˇƒāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āˇ€āļą āļ‘āļš් āļ´ුāļ¯්āļœāļŊāļēāļšු āļ´āļ¸āļąāļš් āļļ⎀āļ­් āļ”⎄ුāļœේ āļšැāļ¸ැāļ­්āļ­ෙāļą් ⎃්⎀ාāļēāļ­්āļ­āˇ€ āļš​ෘāļ­ිāļēāļš් āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļšāļŽāļąāļē āļšāˇ… ⎄ැāļšි āļļ⎀āļ­් āļ…āļ´ āļ¯ැāļą් āļ¯āļą්āļąා āļąි⎃ා āļ…āļĸිāļ­්āļœේ ⎃ා⎄ිāļ­්‍āļēāļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗāˇ€ ⎀ිāļ ාāļģāļēāļš් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļšāˇ… āļąො⎄ැāļš්āļšāļš්āļ¸ āˇ€ිāļē āļąො⎄ැāļšිāļē​.

āļ´ා⎃ැāļŊ් āļēāļą āˇ€āļē⎃ේāļ¯ී āļŊංāļšා⎀ේ āļĸāļąāļ´්‍āļģිāļē āļŊේāļ›āļšāļēāļą්āļœේ ⎃ා⎄ිāļ­්‍āļē āļš​ෘāļ­ි āļšිāļē⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ¸āļ¸ āļ´ුāļģුāļ¯ු ⎀ී ⎃ිāļ§ිāļēෙāļ¸ි. āļ…āļĸිāļ­්āļœේ āļąāļ¸āļ¯ āļ¸ේ āļĸāļąāļ´්‍āļģිāļē āļŊāļēි⎃්āļ­ු⎀ āļ­ු⎅ ⎀ූ āļļැ⎀ිāļą් āļ”⎄ුāļœේ āļšෙāļ§ිāļšāļ­ාāļ¯ āļšිāļē⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‹āļ­්⎃ා⎄ āļšāˇ…ෙāļ¸ි. āļ‘⎄ෙāļ­් āļšි⎃ිāļ¯ු āļąි⎁්āļ ිāļ­ āļ āļģිāļ­āļēāļš් ⎄ෝ āļ…āļģ්āļŽāˇ€āļ­් ⎃ිāļ¯ු⎀ීāļ¸āļš් āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ි āļ”⎄ුāļœේ āļšāļŽා āļšිāļē⎀ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ¸āļ§ āļŊැāļļුāļąේ ⎀āļ¸āļąāļē āļļāļŗු āļ…āļ´්‍āļģ⎃āļą්āļą āļ…āļ­්āļ¯ැāļšීāļ¸āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļąි. āļ…āļĸිāļ­් āļ­ිāļŊāļšāˇƒේāļą āļēāļąු āļ´ි⎃්⎃āļšු āļēāļēි āļąිāļœāļ¸āļąāļē āļšොāļ§ āļ”⎄ු āļšිāļē⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļœāļ­් āļ‹āļ­්⎃ා⎄āļē āļ…āļ­්⎄⎅ෙāļ¸ි. āļ‘⎄ෙāļ­් āļšāˇ…āļšāļ§ āļ´āˇƒු⎀​, ⎀ෙāļąāļ­් āļŊේāļ›āļšāļēāļą්āļœේ āļš​ෘāļ­ි āļēāļ¸් āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļąāļēāļš් āļšිāļē⎀ා āļ­ිāļļූ āļ¸āļ¸ āļ…āļĸිāļ­්āļœේ ⎃ා⎄ිāļ­්‍āļēāļē āļ´āļģි⎁ීāļŊāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļąැ⎀āļ­ āļ‹āļ­්⎃ා⎄āļēāļš් āļœāļ­්āļ­ෙāļ¸ි. āļ¸ෙ⎀āļģāļ¯ āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļēāļš් ⎃āļ¸්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļē āļšāļģāļœැāļąීāļ¸ āļ´āˇ„āˇƒු āļąො⎀ූ āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ´ෙāļģ āļ‡āļ­ි⎀ූ āļ…āļ´ුāļŊ ⎀ෙāļąු⎀āļ§ āˇ€ේāļ¯āļąාāļļāļģ āļ­​ෘāļ´්āļ­ිāļēāļšිāļą් āļēුāļ­ු⎀ āļ”⎄ුāļœේ āļš​ෘāļ­ි āļšිāļē⎀ාāļœෙāļą āļēා ⎄ැāļšි āļļ⎀ ⎀ැāļ§āˇ„ිāļąි.



āļ…āļĸිāļ­්āļœේ ⎃ා⎄ිāļ­්‍āļēāļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗ āļ‘āļš් ⎄ැāļŗිāļą්⎀ීāļ¸āļš් ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ”⎄ුāļœේ āļšෙāļ§ිāļšāļ­ා āļ¸ිāļąි⎃් ⎃āļļāļŗāļ­ා āļ­ු⎅ āļ‡āļ­ි ෛāļąāˇƒāļģ්āļœිāļš āļ¸ුāļœ්āļ°āļˇා⎀āļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļිāļšු āļšāļģāļą āļļ⎀āļēි. āļ¸ේ āļ…āļąු⎀ āļˇා⎀ිāļ­ āļŊෝāļšāļē āļ­ු⎅ āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āˇ€āļą āļ¸ිāļąි⎃් ⎃āļļāļŗāļ­ා āļšො⎄ොāļ¸āļ­් āļ…āļģ්āļŽāˇ€ිāļģ⎄ිāļ­ āˇ€āļą āļļැ⎀ිāļą් ⎃ා⎄ිāļ­්‍āļēāļē āļ­ු⎅ āļ´āļ¸āļąāļš් āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļē ⎃්āļŽාāļ´āļąāļē āļšāļģāļą්āļąāļ§ āļēාāļ¸ āļ…āļąāˇ€āˇ්‍āļēāļē​. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ„ැāļŗිāļą්⎀ීāļ¸ෙ⎄ි āļ‡āļ­ි āļ¸ූāļŊිāļš āˇ€āļģāļ¯āļš් āļŊෙ⎃ āļ¸ා āļ¯āļšිāļą්āļąේ āļšි⎃ි⎀āļšāļ§ āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļēāļš් āļąි⎃āļœāˇ€ āļŊැāļļෙāļą්āļąේ āļąැāļ­ිāļļ⎀ āļ…āļ¸āļ­āļš āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļēි. āļ¸ිāļąි⎃් ⎃āļļāļŗāļ­ා ⎄ෝ ⎀ෙāļąāļ­් āļ•āļąෑāļ¸ āļ¯ෙāļēāļšāļ§ āļ‘āļē āļ­ු⎅ිāļą්āļ¸ āļ´ි⎅ිāļ´āļą් āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļēāļš් āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ි āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‘āļēāļ§ āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļēāļš් āļŊāļļාāļ¯ීāļ¸ āļ…āļ´ āˇ€ි⎃ිāļą් āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­ු ⎀ේ. āļŊāļļාāļ¯ෙāļą āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļē āļšොāļ­āļģāļ¸් āļ¯ිāļēුāļĢුāļ¯ āļēāļą්āļą āļ…āļģ්āļŽ āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´ාāļ¯āļšāļēා āļ¸āļ­ āļ­ීāļģāļĢāļē ⎀ේ. āļ‘āļē āļļො⎄ෝ āļ¯ුāļģāļ§ āļ”⎄ුāļœේ / āļ‡āļēāļœේ āļ¯ැāļąුāļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ…āļ­්āļ¯ැāļšීāļ¸් āļ¸āļ­ āļģāļŗා āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą්āļąේ āļēāļēි ⎃ිāļ­āļ¸ි. āļ‹āļ¯ා⎄āļģāļĢāļēāļš් āļŊෙ⎃ āļŊෙāļąාāļŠ් ⎀ුāļŊ්⎆් "āļļැāļ¯්āļ¯ේāļœāļ¸​" āļąāˇ€āļšāļ­ා⎀ේāļ¯ීāļ­් ⎃āļēිāļ¸āļą් āļąāˇ€āļœāļ­්āļ­ේāļœāļ¸ āļ”⎄ුāļœේ āļļො⎄ෝ āļš​ෘāļ­ි ⎀āļŊāļ¯ීāļ­් ⎃්⎀āļˇා⎀ āļ°āļģ්āļ¸āļēේ ⎃ං⎃ිāļ¯්āļ°ීāļą් ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļšāļŽāļą āļŊāļļාāļ¯ී āļ‡āļ­​. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļš​ෘāļ­ීāļą් āļ´āļģි⎁ීāļŊāļąāļē āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ෙāļš් āļ‘āˇƒේ āļąොāļšāˇ… āļšෙāļąෙāļšුāļ§ āˇ€āļŠා āļ…āļģ්āļŽ āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´ාāļ¯āļą āļš්‍āļģිāļēා⎀āļŊිāļēේāļ¯ී ⎀āļŠාāļ­් āļ´ො⎄ො⎃āļ­් ⎃ංāļšāļŊ්āļ´ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ිāļēāļš āˇ„ිāļ¸ිāļšāļģු⎀ෙāļš් ⎀ේ. āļ´්‍āļģ⎁්āļąāļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ…āļĸිāļ­් āļ­ිāļŊāļšāˇƒේāļąāļœේ ⎃ා⎄ිāļ­්‍āļēāļē āļ‘⎄ි āļ´āļģි⎁ීāļŊāļšāļēාāļ§ āļ¸ේ āļ†āļšාāļģāļēේ āļąāˇ€ āļ¯ැāļąුāļ¸āļš් āļŊāļļා āļ¯ෙāļą්āļąේāļ¯ āļēāļą්āļąāļēි. āļ¸ෙāļē ⎀ිāļ¸āˇƒීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා 1962 āļ¯ී āļ”⎄ු ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļŊිāļēāļą āļŊāļ¯ "āļšāļąāļ´ිāļ§​" āļąāļ¸් āļšෙāļ§ිāļšāļ­ා⎀ේ āļ¸ුāļŊ් āļšොāļ§āˇƒ āļšිāļē⎀āļ¸ු.

āļ¸āļœේ āļ‡āļ­ුāļŊ āļ‘⎄ෙāļ¸ āļ´ිāļ§ිāļą්āļ¸ āļ¯ොāļ§්āļ§ āļ‡āļ¯ āļ¯ාāļą්āļą āļ”⎀ු⎄ු ⎀āļŊිāļšāļą්āļąāļ§ āˇ€ූ⎄​. āļ”⎀ු⎄ු - āļŊීāļŊුāļ­් ⎃ෝāļ¸ොāļ­්.
'⎁ෙ⎄්, ⎁ෙ⎄්' āļŊීāļŊ් āļšීāļē​. '⎁ෙāļšේ ⎁ෙ⎄්'
'āļ¸ොāļšāļ¯ āˇෙ⎄්?' ⎃ෝāļ¸ො āļ‡āˇƒීāļē​.
āļšාāļąු⎀ āļ…āļ¯්āļ¯āļģිāļą්āļ¸ āļœෑāļąු āļ‡āļą āļļාāļœāļ­්⎄​. āļšāļŠāļ ෝāļģු āļšāļšා āļ”⎀ු⎄ු ⎃āļ­āļ´āˇ„ේ āļšෑāļŊි āļļිāļ¸ āļ…āļ­āļ…āļģිāļą්āļąāļ§ āˇ€ූ⎄​.
'⎁ෙ⎄්' āļŊීāļŊ් āļšීāļē​. 'āļ¸āļŊ āļēāļš්āļšු āļ‹ං. āļēāļš්āļšු. ⎄āļģිāļ¸ āļ­ිāļģි⎃āļą්āļąු'
'āļ¸ුංāļ¯​?' āļŊීāļŊ් āļ‡āˇƒීāļē​. 'āļ¸ුං āļœැāļą āļąෙ⎀ෙāļēි āļ¸ං āļšි⎀ු⎀ෙ. āļ…āļģුං. āļ…āļģුං ⎀ීāļģෙāļŊා. āļ¸ුං? āļ¸ුං āļœොāļą්āļąු. āļ¸ැ⎃්⎃āļą්āļ§ āˇƒāļŊ්āļŊි āļ¯ාāļąāˇ€​'
'āļ’?'
'āļ´āˇ„ේ āļšෑāļŊි āļļිāļ¸ āļ¯ාāļŊ āļļāļŊාāļœāļą āļ‰āļą්āļąāˇ€​. āļ‰āˇƒ්⎃ෙāļŊ්āļŊāļ¸ āļ¸ැ⎃්⎃ෙāļš් ⎀⎄āļ´ු ⎃āļ­āļ´āˇ„ āļ…āļēිāļ­ි āļ‘āļšීāļ§ āļ’ āˇƒāļŊ්āļŊි āļ”āļš්āļšොāļ¸​.'
āļ…āļ´ි āļļāļŊාāļœāļą​. āļ¸ැ⎃්⎃ො āļšැāļģāļšෙāļ­ි āļšැāļģāļšෙāļ­ි āļšැāļģāļšෙāļ­ි, ⎀āļ§ේāļ§ āˇ€āļ§ේāļ§ āˇ€āļ§ේāļ§​.
'⎃ි⎃ී ⎄ොāļŗ āļšෙāļŊ්āļŊ āļ…āļ´ිāļ§​ āļļැāļģි ⎀ුāļąාāļ§​' ⎃ෝāļ¸ො āļšීāļē​.
'⎁ෙāļšේ' āļŊීāļŊ් āļšීāļē​. 'āļ§ැāļš්⎃ිāļēāļšිං āļœෙāļąිāļ ්āļ ෙ āļ…āļģුං ⎀ීāļģෙāļŊා. āļ´āˇƒ්⎃ෙ ⎃ීāļ§් āļ‘āļšේ. āļ§ැāļš්⎃ිāļēāļšිං'
'āļ¸ෙāļą්āļą āļ¸ූ ⎄ිංāļ¯āļēි āļ¸ුāļšුāļ­් āļļැāļģි' ⎃ෝāļ¸ො āļ¸ා āļ¯ි⎄ාāļ§ āļ‡āļœිāļŊ්āļŊ āļ¯ිāļš් āļšāˇ…ේāļē​. 'āļ¸ූ'.
⎃ෝāļ¸ොāļ­් āļŊීāļŊුāļ­් āļ¸āļ§ āļšāļŠා āļ´ැāļą්āļąāˇ„​. 'āļšිāļē⎄ං āļŠෝ' ⎃ෝāļ¸ො āļšීāļē​.
'⎄ොāļŗāļ¸āļēි āļģāļĸෝ' āļŊීāļŊ් āļšීāļē​.
āļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ීāļąෙāļą් āļģෑ āļ‘āļŊි⎀ෙāļą āļēාāļ¸ෙāļ¯ී āļāļą āļšāļŊු⎀āļģāļš් ⎀ිāļąි⎀ිāļ¯ිāļą āļ¸ිāļģිāļšāļ´ු āļ­āļģු⎀āļš් ⎀ැāļąි āļ´ුංāļ ි āļ‘āļŊිāļēāļš් āļˆāļ­ිāļą් āļ´ෙāļąෙāļēි. āļ¸āļ¸ āļšිāļ§්āļ§ු ⎀ී āļļāļŊāļ¸ි. āļ‘āļŊිāļē āļ‘āļš්āļšāļ¸ āļēāļ§ිāļą් ⎃ුāļ¯ු⎀āļ§ āļ¯ිāļŊි⎄ෙāļą āļšāļŗāļš් āļ´ෙāļąෙāļēි. āļ¸āļ¸ āļ­āˇ€āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āļšිāļ§්āļ§ු ⎀ී āļ’āļš āļ´āˇ„āļą් āļšāļąු⎀āļš් āļļ⎀ āļ¯ැāļšāļœāļąිāļ¸ි. āļ´āˇ„āļą් āļšāļąු⎀ ⎀āļ§ේāļ§ āļ…āļŠි āļ¯ොāļŊ⎄āļš āļ´āļ¸āļą āļ…āļģāļēāļšිāļą් āļēුāļ­් ⎀​ෘāļ­්āļ­ාāļšාāļģ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේ⎁āļēāļš් ⎃ුāļ¯āļ§ āļ‘āļŊිāļē ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­​. āļ¸āļ¸ āļšāļŊු⎀āļģ āļœැāļ§්āļ§ේ ⎄ිāļ§āļœāļą āˇƒුāļ¯ු āļ‘āļŊිāļē āļ¯ි⎄ාāļ­් āļ´āˇ„āļą් āļšāļąු⎀ āļ¯ි⎄ාāļ­් āļļāļŊāļ¸ි. āļ´āˇ„āļą් āļšāļąු⎀ේ āļ†āļŊāļ¸්āļļāļąāļēāļ§ āļ…āˇƒු⎀ී āļ¸ා ⎀​ෘāļ­්āļ­āļē āļ‡āļ­ුāļŊāļ§ āļ‡āļ¯āļœāļąු āļŊැāļļෙāļēි. āļ¸āļœේ āļ‡āļœ āļšිāļŊිāļ´ොāļŊාāļœෙāļą āļēāļēි. āļ¸āˇ„āļ­් āļąොāļ‰āˇ€āˇƒිāļŊ්āļŊāļšිāļą් āļēුāļ­ු⎀ āļ¸āļ¸ āļ´āˇ„āļą් āļšāļąු⎀āļ§ āļ…āļ­ āļ­āļļāļ¸ි. āļ‘āļ­āļšොāļ§āļ¸ āļ¸āļ§ āˇුāļš්‍āļģ ⎀ිāļ¸ෝāļ āļąāļēāļš් āļ‡āļ­ි⎀ෙāļēි.......⎄ැāļļැāļēි ⎄ොāļŗේ, āļŠāļ§ āļ´āˇƒ්⎃ෙ āļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ොāļŗāļ§ āļąිāļą්āļ¯ āļēāļą āļ‘āļš​.
'āļ…āļą්āļą āļœුāļąāˇƒෝāļ¸ෙāļēා' āļŊීāļŊ් āļšීāļē​. 'āļšාāļŊāļšāļą්āļąිāļēා. āļ…⎀්⎀āļš් āļ´ිāļą්āļąāļš් āļąෑ. āļ­ැāļąāļš් āļąොāļ­ැāļąāļš් āļąෑ. āļ•āļą් āļ¯ි⎄ාāļš්. ⎀ෙāļŊා⎀āļš් āļ…⎀ේāļŊා⎀āļš් āļąෑ.'
āļšāļŊි⎃āļ¸් āļšොāļ§āļēāļš් āļœāˇ„āļœෙāļą āļ´ිāļēāļģු āļļāļļා ⎀āļœේ āļ‹āļą් āļœුāļąāˇƒෝāļ¸ෙāļēා āļ¯ි⎄ා āļļāļŊාāļœෙāļą āļ…āļ´ි āļ¯āļš්āļšූāļģු ⎄āļ´ āˇ„āļ´ා āļ­ොāļŊ් āļ¸āļ­ුāļģāļą්āļąāļ§ āˇ€ීāļ¸ු. 'āļšුāļ´ාāļŠිāļēා.' 'āļ…⎀āļŊāļ¸ා.' '⎀āļŊāļ­්āļ­ෙāļēා.' 'āļšāˇāļŠෙāļēා.' 'āļ´āˇƒිāļš්āļšාāļ§්āļ§ු⎀ා.' 'āļœෑāļąු āļļාāļŊෙāļēා.'
āļœෑāļąුāļ­් āļ”⎄ු āļ¯ි⎄ා āļļāļŊාāļœෙāļą āļ´ුāļ´ුāļģ āļ´ුāļ´ුāļģා āļąැāļœිāļ§āļœāļ­්⎄​.
'⎀ැ⎄ැāļ´ි āļąං' āļ¸āļ¸ āļšී⎀ෙāļ¸ි.
⎃ෝāļ¸ො āļšීāļē​: '⎀ැ⎃්⎃āļēි āļšිāļēāļŊ āļ‡āļ­ි ⎀ැāļŠේ? ⎄ුāļĸ්āļĸāļļāļģ ⎄ැāļ¯ෙāļą āļ‘āļš āˇ€ිāļ­āļģāļēි'



āļ…āļ´āļœේ ෛāļ¯āļąිāļš āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļē ⎃ාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļēāļēෙāļą් āļ’āļšාāļšාāļģීāļē​. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ’āļšාāļšාāļģීāļ­්⎀āļē ⎃ාāļģ්⎀ ෙāļˇ​ෟāļ¸ිāļš āˇƒāļ­්‍āļēāļēāļš් āļŊෙ⎃ ⎀āļ§āˇ„ාāļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ු⎀ු⎀⎄ොāļ­් āļ‘āļē āļĸāļąිāļ­ āļšāļģ⎀āļąු āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ේ āļšාං⎃ා⎀āļšි. āļ‘āļēිāļą් āļ¸ිāļ¯ීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļēāļēෙāļą් āļ…āļ´ āļļො⎄ෝāļ¯ෙāļąෙāļšු āļšāļģāļą්āļąේ āļ…āļ´ āļąො⎀ිāļŗිāļą āˇƒු⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ ⎃āļ­ුāļ§āļš් āļˇුāļš්āļ­ි ⎀ිāļŗිāļą āļ…āļąෙāļšāļšු ⎆ැāļą්āļ§āˇƒිāļšāļģāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļēි. āļšාāļģ්‍āļēාāļŊ āˇƒāˇ„ āļļ⎃්‍ āļģāļŽ āˇ€ැāļąි āļļො⎄ෝ āļ­ැāļą්⎀āļŊ āļšිāļē⎀ෙāļą āļšāļ§āļšāļ­ා ⎀āļŊāļ¯ී ⎀ි⎂āļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ¸ෙāļŊෙ⎃ āļ…āļąෙāļšāļšු āˇ€ි⎃ිāļą් ⎀ිāļŗිāļą āļ…āļ´āļģිāļ¸ිāļ­​, āļģāˇ„āˇƒ් ⎃āļ­ුāļ§āļēි. āļ‰āˇ„āļ­ āļšෙāļ§ිāļšāļ­ා⎀ āļ­ු⎅ āļŊීāļŊ් āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃ෝāļ¸ොāļ§ āļ…āļąු⎀ āļ”⎀ුāļą්āļ§ āļ…⎄ිāļ¸ි ⎃āļ­ුāļ§āļš් ⎀ීāļģෙāļŊා ⎀ිāļŗිāļ­ි. āļ’ āˇƒි⎃ී āļąැāļ¸ැāļ­ි āļ­āļģුāļąිāļē āļ§ැāļš්⎃ිāļēāļš āļ¯ාāļœෙāļą āļēාāļ¸ෙāļąි. āļŊීāļŊ්āļ§ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃ෝāļ¸ොāļ§ āļ‘āļ¸ āˇƒāļ­ුāļ§ āˇ€ිāļŗීāļ¸āļ§ āļąො⎄ැāļšි ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ේ āļ”⎀ුāļą්āļœේ āļ¯ුāļģ්⎀āļŊāļ­ා⎀āļēāļš් āļąි⎃ා āļąො⎀ේ. āļ’ āļœැāļą āļ”⎀ුāļą් āļ‡āļœිāļŊ්āļŊ āļ¯ිāļœු āļšāļģāļą්āļąේ āļšāļ­ාāļąාāļēāļšāļēා āļ¯ෙ⎃āļ§āļē​. ⎀ීāļģෙāļŊා ⎀ිāļŗිāļą āˇƒāļ­ුāļ§ āˇ†ැāļą්āļ§āˇƒිāļšāļģāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ”⎀ුāļą් āļ­āļ¸āļą්āļœේ āļšාං⎃ා⎀ āļ¸āļœāˇ„āļģ⎀ා āļœāļą්āļąා āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ­āļ¸ āļąො⎄ැāļšිāļēා⎀ āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€āļģāļ¯āļšාāļģීāļ­්⎀āļē āļšāļ­ාāļąාāļēාāļšāļēාāļ§ āļ´āˇ€āļģා āļ‘āļēිāļą්āāļœැāļŊ⎀ේ. āļ¸ේ āļ…āļ­āļģ āļŊෝāļšāļēේ āļ‡āļ­ි ⎃ිāļēāļŊු āļąāļģāļš āļąිāļēෝāļĸāļąāļē āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą් ⎃ිāļēāļŊ්āļŊāļą්āļœේ āļšෝāļ´āļē āļ¸ුāļ¯ා⎄ැāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ැāļšි āļļූāļģු⎄āļ¸āļš් āļŊෙ⎃ āļœුāļąāˇƒෝāļ¸ෙāļēාāļ¯ āˇƒිāļ§ිāļēි. āļ¯ැāļą් āļ”āļļāļ§ āļ¸ේ āļšāļ­ා⎀ āļ­ු⎅ āļēāļ¸් ⎃āļ¸ීāļ´ āļļ⎀āļš් ⎀ැāļ§āˇ„ෙāļąāˇ€ාāļ¯​? āļ…āļĸිāļ­් āļ­ිāļŊāļšāˇƒේāļąāļ§ āļšිāļēāļą āˇ€ිāļ¯ිāļēāļš් āļ´āļ¸āļąāļš් āļąො⎀ āļšිāļēāļą්āļą āļ¯ෙāļēāļšුāļ­් āļ­ිāļļුāļąා ⎀āļ­්āļ¯​?

āļ‘⎄ෙāļ­් āļ…āļ´āļœේ āļŊේāļ›āļšāļēා āļšāļŽා⎀ āļ­ු⎅ āļœැ⎄ැāļąුāļą්āļœේ ⎃āļ­ āļ´āˇ„ේ āļšෑāļŊි āļ¯ැāļ¸ිāļŊ්āļŊ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´āˇ„āļą් āļšāļąු⎀ āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗ āļšāļ­ාāļąාāļēāļšāļēාāļœේ ⎃ි⎄ිāļąāļ¸āļē ⎀ිāļœ්‍āļģ⎄āļē ⎀ැāļąි āļ…āļˇූāļ­ āļšොāļ§āˇƒ්āļ¯ āļļ⎄ාāļŊāļēි. āļš​ෘāļ­ිāļē āļ…āļ´āļœේ āļ ිāļą්āļ­āļą āļģාāļ¸ු⎀āļ§ āˇƒāˇ€ිāļšāļģ āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļ”⎄ු āļŊෙ⎄ෙ⎃ිāļēෙāļą් āļ‰āļŠ āļąොāļ¯ෙāļēි. āļ”⎄ුāļœේ āļš​ෘāļ­ීāļą් āļšිāļē⎀āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļŊැāļļෙāļą āļ­​ෘāļ´්āļ­ිāļē ⎀ේāļ¯āļąාāļļāļģ āļ‘āļšāļš් ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ‡āļē්āļ¯ැāļēි āļ¸āļ§ āļ¯ැāļą් āļēāļ¸් āļ´āļ¸āļąāļšāļ§ āˇ€ැāļ§āˇ„ේ. ⎀ෙāļąāļ­් āļš​ෘāļ­ීāļą් āˇƒāˇ„ ⎀ිāļ ාāļģ āļ´āļģි⎁ීāļŊāļąāļēෙāļą් āļ¸ා āļœොāļŠāļąāļœාāļœāļ­් āļ…āļģ්āļŽ āļŊෝāļšāļē āļ…āļĸිāļ­්āļœේ ⎃ා⎄ිāļ­්‍āļēāļē āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģිāļēේ āļ…āļˇිāļēෝāļœāļēāļ§ āļŊāļš්⎀ේ. āļ¸āļœේ ⎃ංāļšāļŊ්āļ´ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ිāļē āļ­āļąාāļœැāļąීāļ¸ේāļ¯ී āļēāļ¸āļš් āļ¸āļœāˇ„ැāļģී āļ‡āļ­ි āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ‰āļœිāļēāļš් āļ¸āļ§ āļŊැāļļේ. āļ¸ේ ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා āļ¸āļœේ āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļ ාāļģāļē āļšුāļ¸āļš් ⎀ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļ¯​?

āļŊිāļ´ිāļē āļ†āļģāļ¸්āļˇāļēේāļ¯ී ⎃āļŗāˇ„āļą් āļšāˇ… āļ…āļēිāļą්⎃්āļ§āļēිāļą්āļœේ āļ´්‍āļģāļšා⎁āļē āļ‰āļ­ා ⎃ීāļģු⎀ෙāļą් ⎀āļ§āˇ„ාāļœāļ­ āļēුāļ­ු āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ…āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒāļš් āļļ⎀ āļ¸āļ¸ āļšāļŊ්āļ´āļąා āļšāļģāļ¸ි. āļ¸āļœේāļ¸ āļ…āļ­්āļ¯ැāļšීāļ¸āļš් āļ‡āˇƒුāļģෙāļą් āļ¸ෙāļē āļ´ැ⎄ැāļ¯ිāļŊි āļšāļģāļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‹āļ­්⎃ා⎄ āļšāļģāļ¸ු. āļ¸āļœේ ⎀​ෘāļ­්āļ­ීāļē āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļē āļ­ු⎅ āļ…āļąෙāļš් āļ…āļē ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļšāļģāļą āˇƒං⎀ාāļ¯ āˇ€āļŊāļ¯ී ⎃āļ¸āˇ„āļģ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļŽා⎀āļŊ āļ¸āļ§ āļ…⎀āļļෝāļ° āˇ€āļą්āļąේ āļēāļ¸් āļšāļģුāļąු āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗ āļ¸āļœේ ⎀ැāļ§āˇ„ීāļ¸ āˇƒා⎀āļ¯්‍āļē āļļ⎀āļē​. ⎀ි⎁්⎀ ⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļŊāļēේāļ¯ී āļ‹āļœāļ­් āļ´ැāļģāļąි āļ´ාāļŠāļ¸් āļ´ුāļąāļģීāļš්‍⎂āļąāļē āļšāˇ…⎀ිāļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āˇ„āļģ āļ¸ූāļŊāļ°āļģ්āļ¸ āļ¸āļœේ ⎀​ෘāļ­්āļ­ීāļē āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļēāļ§ āļ´ි⎀ි⎃ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ´āˇƒු āļ¸āļœāˇ„ැāļģී āļœො⎃් āļ‡āļ­ිāļļ⎀ āļ´āˇƒāļš් ⎀ේ. āļ¸ේ āļ…āļąු⎀ āļļො⎄ෝ āļšාāļŊāļēāļš් āļ¸ා āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ේ ⎃āļ¸āˇ„āļģ āļ¸ූāļŊāļ°āļģ්āļ¸ āļ…āļ¸āļ­āļš āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļąි. āļœැāļ§āļŊු⎀ ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ‘āļ¸ āļ¸ූāļŊāļ°āļģ්āļ¸ āļ¸āļœāˇ„ැāļģුāļąේ āļąැāļ­ිāļąāļ¸් āļ¸āļ§ āļ¯ැāļą් ⎃ිāļ§ිāļąāˇ€ාāļ§ āˇ€āļŠා ⎄ොāļŗ āˇ€​ෘāļ­්āļ­ිāļšāļēāļšු ⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‰āļŠ āļ­ිāļļිāļąිāļ¯ āļēāļą්āļąāļēි. āļ¸ේ ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා āļ¸āļœේ āļ´ි⎅ිāļ­ුāļģ "āļąැāļ­​" ⎀āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‘āļē āļ´ැ⎄ැāļ¯ිāļŊි āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා "āļ¸āļœේ āļŊෝāļšāļē​" āļš​ෘāļ­ිāļē āļ­ු⎅ āļąāļŊිāļą් āļ¯ āˇƒිāļŊ්⎀ා ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් ⎃ංāļšāļŊ්āļ´āļē āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃ංāļĸාāļąāļąāļē āļ…āļ­āļģ ⎃ාāļ¸්‍āļēāļē āļ´ෙāļą්⎀ා āļ¯ීāļ¸āļ§ āļēොāļ¯ාāļœāļą්āļąා āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āˇ€ේāļ¯āļēāļ§ āˇƒāļ¸ාāļą āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āˇ€ේāļ¯āļēāļš් āļ´āˇ„āļ­ āļēොāļ¯ා āļœāļąිāļ¸ි.

⎀ා⎃්āļ­āˇ€ිāļš āļŊෝāļšāļēāļš් ⎃ැāļļ⎀ිāļą්āļ¸ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą්āļąේāļ¯ āļąොāļ‘āˇƒේāļąāļ¸් āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą්āļąේ āļ‰āļąāļ¯්‍āļģිāļēāļēāļą් ⎄āļģ⎄ා āļŊැāļļෙāļą āˇƒං⎀ේāļ¯āļą (⎃ංāļĸාāļąāļąāļē​) āļ´āļ¸āļąāļš්āļ¯ āļēāļą āļ¯ාāļģ්⎁āļąිāļš āļœැāļ§āļŊු⎀ āļ´āˇƒෙāļšිāļą් āļ­āļļāļ¸ු. āļļො⎄ෝ āļ¯ෙāļąාāļ§ āļ‘āļšāļœ āˇ€ිāļē ⎄ැāļšි āļšāļģුāļąāļš් ⎀āļą්āļąේ ⎃ං⎀ේāļ¯āļąāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļēāļš් āļ…āļ´ āˇ€ි⎃ිāļą් āļŊāļļාāļ¯ිāļē āļēුāļ­ු āļļ⎀āļē​. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļš්‍āļģිāļēා⎀āļŊිāļēේāļ¯ී āļ…āļģ්āļŽ āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āļŊෝāļšāļēāļš් āļļි⎄ි⎀ේ. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ…āļģුāļ­්āļļāļģ āļŊෝāļšāļē āļ¸ිāļąි⎃āļšුāļ§ āˇƒං⎃්āļš​ෘāļ­ිāļš āļĸී⎀ිāļēāļšු āļŊෙ⎃ ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸāļēāļ§ āļ´ි⎀ි⎃ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‘āļš් āļ´āˇƒෙāļšිāļą් āļ¯ොāļģāļ§ු ⎀ි⎀āļģ āļšāļģāļēි. āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āļ´āˇƒෙāļšිāļą් āļ‘āļē āļ¸āļœāˇ„ැāļģුāļąු āļēāļ¸āļš් āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗ āļ…āļąි⎀ාāļģ්‍āļē āļ…āļ­ීāļ­ āˇ€ේāļ¯āļąා⎀āļ¯ āļĸāļąāļąāļē āļšāļģāļēි. āļ¸āļœේ āļ­āļģ්āļšāļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ¸āļœāˇ„ැāļģුāļąු āļ¯ෙāļē āļēāļąු āļ…āļģුāļ­්āļļāļģ āļŊෝāļšāļē āļœොāļŠāļąැāļœීāļ¸ේ āļš්‍āļģිāļēා⎀āļŊිāļēāļ§ āļ´ෙāļģ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ි āļēāļ¸āļš් āļąො⎀āļą āļļ⎀āļēි. āļ‘āļē āļ…āļģ්āļŽ āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āļŊෝāļšāļēේāļ¸ āˇ€්‍āļēුāļ­්āļ´āļą්āļąāļēāļšි. āļ¸āļœේ āļ´ුāļ¯්āļœāļŊිāļš āļ‹āļ¯ා⎄āļģāļąāļēāļ§ āļąැ⎀āļ­ āļēāļą්āļąේ āļąāļ¸්, ⎀ි⎁්⎀ ⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļŊ āļ…āļ°්‍āļēාāļ´āļąāļē āļ­ු⎅ āļ¸ා āļļො⎄ෝ āļ¯ේ āļ‹āļœāļ­් āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ’ āˇƒිāļēāļŊ්āļŊ ⎀​ෘāļ­්āļ­ීāļē āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļēේāļ¯ී āļ´්‍āļģāļēෝāļĸāļąāˇ€āļ­් āļąො⎀ීāļē​. āļ´්‍āļģāļēෝāļĸāļąāˇ€āļ­් ⎀ූāļēේ āļšුāļ¸āļš්āļ¯ැāļēි ⎀āļ§āˇ„ා āļœāļą්āļąේ ⎀​ෘāļ­්āļ­ීāļē āļ…āļ­්āļ¯ැāļšීāļ¸් ⎀āļŊිāļą් āļ´āˇƒු⎀āļē​. āļ¸ෙāļē āļ­āˇ€āļ­් ⎃ංāļšීāļģ්āļą āˇ€āļą්āļąේ ⎀ි⎁්⎀ ⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļŊāļē āļ­ු⎅ āļ‹āļœāļ­් āļ¯ේ ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ¸ා āļ¯ැāļą් āļ¯ෙāļą āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļšāļŽāļą āļ¸āļœේ ⎀​ෘāļ­්āļ­ීāļē āļ…āļ­්āļ¯ැāļšීāļ¸් ⎄āļģ⎄ා āļœොāļŠāļąැāļœුāļąු āļ…āļģ්āļŽ āļŊෝāļšāļēෙāļą් āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļąීāļ¸āļē​. āļ‘āļ¸ āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļšāļŽāļą āˇ€ි⎁්⎀ ⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļŊ āļ…⎀āļ°ිāļē āļ­ු⎅āļ¯ී ⎃ිāļ¯ුāļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļšāˇ… āļąො⎄ැāļš්āļšāļšි. āļ‘āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ¸āļ§ āļ¸āļœāˇ„ැāļģුāļąු āļ¸ූāļŊāļ°āļģ්āļ¸ āļŊෙ⎃ āļ¸ා āļ¯ැāļą් ⎄āļŗුāļąාāļœāļą්āļąා āļ¯ේ āļ¸āļœāˇ„ැāļģිāļē ⎄ැāļšි āļ¯ේ⎀āļŊ් āļŊෙ⎃ ⎀ි⎁්⎀ ⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļŊ āļ…⎀āļ°ිāļē āļ­ු⎅āļ¯ීāļ¸ āļ´ුāļģෝāļšāļŽāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ¯ āļšāˇ… āļąො⎄ැāļš්āļšāļšි. āļšාāļŊāļēāļ§ āˇƒාāļ´ේāļš්‍⎂ āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļēāļš් āļŊāļļාāļ¯ීāļ¸ āļˇāˇ€්‍āļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļąිāļģāļ´ේāļš්‍⎂ āļšාāļŊāļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗ āļąි⎀්āļ§ෝāļąිāļēාāļąු āļ…āļģ්āļŽ āļŊෝāļšāļē āļ­ු⎅ āļēāļ¸් āļ¯ුāļģāļš් āļœāļ¸āļą් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ´āˇƒු⎀ āļ´āļ¸āļąි. āļ¸āļœāˇ„ැāļģුāļąු āļ¯ෙāļē āļēāļąු āļ¸āļœāˇ„ැāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāļšāˇ… āļš්‍āļģිāļēා⎀āļŊිāļēේ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāļą් āļĩāļŊāļēāļšි.



āļ¸āļœāˇ„ැāļģුāļąු āļ¯ෙāļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗ āļ…āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļ…āļ´āļœේ āļ…āļģ්āļŽ āļŊෝāļšāļēāļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāļšāļģāļą āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļąāļē āļšුāļ¸āļš්āļ¯ැāļēි āļ¯ැāļą් ⎀ිāļ¸āˇƒා āļļāļŊāļ¸ු. āļ¸ේ ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා āļąැ⎀āļ­āļ­් āļ¸āļœේ āļ‹āļ¯ා⎄āļģāļąāļēāļ§ āļēාāļ¸ āļ´්‍āļģāļēෝāļĸāļąāˇ€āļ­් ⎀āļąු āļ‡āļ­​. āļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āˇ„āļģ āļ¸ූāļŊāļ°āļģ්āļ¸ āļ¸āļœāˇ„ැāļģී āļ‡āļ­ි āļļ⎀ ⎀āļ§āˇ„ාāļœැāļąීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ´āˇƒු āļ¸ා āļ‘āļ¸ āļą්‍āļēාāļēāļą් āļąැ⎀āļ­ āˇ„āļ¯ාāļģāļą්āļąේ āļēāļēි ⎃ිāļ­āļ¸ු. āļ¸ෙāļē āļ¸āļœāˇ„ැāļģුāļąු āļ¯ෙāļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗ āļ…⎀āļļෝāļ°āļēāļ§ āļ¸ා ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļ¯āļš්⎀āļą āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļ ාāļģāļē āļŊෙ⎃ āļąāļ¸් āļšāˇ… ⎄ැāļš​. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ…āļ°්‍āļēාāļ´āļąāļēෙāļą් āļ´āˇƒු⎀ āļ¸āļœේ āļąāˇ€ āļ…āļģ්āļŽ āļŊෝāļšāļē āļēāļąු āļšුāļ¸āļš්āļ¯​? āļ¸āļœේ āļ´ැāļģāļĢි āļ…āļģ්āļŽ āļŊෝāļšāļēේāļ­් āļ…āļŊුāļ­් āļ¯ැāļąුāļ¸ේāļ­් ⎀ීāļĸීāļē āļ‘āļšāļ­ු⎀āļ¯​? āļąැ⎀āļ­āļ­් āļ¸āļœේ āļ´ි⎅ිāļ­ුāļģ ⎀āļą්āļąේ "āļąැāļ­​" āļēāļą්āļąāļēි. āļąāˇ€ āļ¯ැāļąුāļ¸ āˇ€ි⎃ිāļą් āļ¸āļœේ āļ´ැāļģāļĢි āļ…āļģ්āļŽ āļŊෝāļšāļē āļąැ⎀āļ­ āļ†āļš​ෘāļ­ිāļœāļ­ āļšāļģāļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¯ැāļąුāļ¸ෙ⎄ි āļ¸ීāļŊāļœ āļ­āļŊāļē ⎀ෙāļ­ āļ¸ා āļ”āˇƒāˇ€ා āļ­āļļāļēි. āļ…āļģ්āļŽ āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āļŊෝāļšāļēේ āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģි āļœāļ¸āļą āļŊෙ⎃ āļ¸ා ⎀āļ§āˇ„ාāļœāļą්āļąේ āļ¸ෙāļēāļēි. āļ¸ෙ⎄ිāļ¯ී āļ­ීāļģāļąාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āˇƒාāļ°āļšāļē āļąāļ¸් āļ¸āļ§ āļ¸āļœāˇ„ැāļģුāļąු āļ¯ෙāļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗ āļ‰āļœිāļēāļš් ⎃āļ´āļēāļą āļ¸āļœේ āļ…āļąෙāļšා ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļšāˇ€ුāļģුāļą්āāļēāļą්āļąāļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ…āļąෙāļšාāļœේ āļˇූāļ¸ිāļšා⎀ āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļąො⎀ු⎀⎄ොāļ­් ⎃්⎀āļēං āļ´āļģා⎀āļģ්āļ­ිāļ­ āļ…āļģ්āļŽ āļŊෝāļšāļēāļš āˇƒිāļģ⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ¸āļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ු⎀ේ.

āļ…āļĸිāļ­් āļ­ිāļŊāļšāˇƒේāļąāļœේ ⎃ා⎄ිāļ­්‍āļēāļē āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ…āļąෙāļšාāļœේ āļˇූāļ¸ිāļšා⎀ ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļ´ෑ⎄ෙāļą āļļ⎀ āļ¸āļ¸ āļēෝāļĸāļąා āļšāļģāļ¸ි. āļ‘āļē ⎀ැāļŠි āļ¯ුāļģāļ§ āˇƒāļ´āļŽ āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ€ෙāļąāļ­් āļ­ැāļąāļšිāļą් āļ‹āļ¯ා⎄āļģāļąāļēāļš් āļœāļąිāļ¸ු. āļąිāļ¸ිāļ­්āļ­ āˇ€āļą්āļąේ Krzysztof Kieslowski āļœේ The Double Life of Veronique āļ ිāļ­්‍āļģāļ´āļ§āļēāļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ ිāļ­්‍āļģāļ´āļ§āļēේ āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ āļģිāļ­ āˇ€āļą්āļąේ ⎀ෙāļģෝāļąිāļšා āˇƒāˇ„ ⎀ෙāļģොāļąිāļš් āļąāļ¸් āļ­āļģුāļĢිāļēāļą් āļ¯ෙāļ¯ෙāļąෙāļšි. āļ¯ෙāļ¯ෙāļąාāļ¸ āˇƒāļ¸ āˇ€āļēෙ⎃ේ ⎀āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ āļģිāļ­ āļ¯ෙāļšāļ¸ āļąිāļģූāļ´āļąāļē āļšāļģāļą්āļąේ āļ‘āļšāļ¸ āļąිāļŊිāļēāļšි. ⎀ෙāļģෝāļąිāļšා āļ´ෝāļŊāļą්āļ­āļēේāļ¯ āˇ€ෙāļģොāļąිāļš් āļ´්‍āļģං⎁āļēේāļ¯ āļĸී⎀āļ­් ⎀ෙāļ­ි. āļ¯ෙāļ¯ෙāļąාāļ§āļ¸ āļ¯āļš්‍⎂ āļŊෙ⎃ āļœීāļ­ āļœාāļēāļąා āļšිāļģීāļ¸ේ ⎄ැāļšිāļēා⎀ āļ‡āļ­​. āļ”⎀ුāļą් āļ‘āļšිāļąෙāļšා āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗāˇ€ āļ¯ැāļą āˇƒිāļ§ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ ිāļ­්‍āļģāļ´āļ§āļē ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļšි⎃ිāļ¯ු ෙāļˇ​ෟāļ­ිāļš āˇƒාāļ°āļšāļēāļš් āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģිāļ´āļ­් āļąොāļšāļģāļą āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ¯ෙāļ¯ෙāļąාāļ¸ āļ‘āļšිāļąෙāļšා āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗāˇ€ āļ…āļ¯්āļˇූāļ­ āļ†āļšාāļģāļēāļšිāļą් āļ…āļ´ැ⎄ැāļ¯ිāļŊි āļŊෙ⎃ āļ¯ැāļą āˇƒිāļ§ිāļ­ි. āļ‘⎄ෙāļ­් āļ´ුāļ¯්āļœāļŊ āļ āļģිāļ­ āļŊෙ⎃ āļ”⎀ුāļą් āļ¯ෙāļ¯ෙāļąා āļ‘āļšිāļąෙāļšාāļ§ āļ…āļ­ි⎁āļēිāļą් ⎀ෙāļąāˇƒ් āļē​. ⎀ෙāļģෝāļąිāļšා āļ‰āļ­ා ⎃ැ⎄ැāļŊ්āļŊු āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļēāļš් āļœāļ­ āļšāļģāļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļēේ ⎃ෑāļ¸ āļ¸ො⎄ොāļ­āļš්āļ¸ āˇƒීāļ¸ා āļļāļą්āļ°āļą āˇ€āļŊිāļą් āļ­ොāļģ⎀ ⎀ිāļą්āļ¯āļąāļē āļšāļģāļēි. āļ‡āļē āļ´ිāļģිāļ¸ිāļēāļšුāļ§ āļ†āļ¯āļģāļē āļšāļģāļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āˇƒිāļē āļ†āļ­්āļ¸āļēāļ¸ āļ”⎄ු ⎀ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą් āļ´ුāļ¯ āļ¯ෙāļēි. āļŊිංāļœිāļš āˇƒāļļāļŗāļ­ා ⎀āļŊිāļą් āļ‹āļ´āļģිāļ¸ āļŊෙ⎃ ⎀ිāļąෝāļ¯āļē āļŊāļļāļēි. āļœීāļ­ āļœාāļēāļąා āļšāļģāļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ‡āļē āļ­āļ¸ āˇƒිāļēāļŊුāļ¸ āˇ„ැāļšිāļēා⎀āļą් āļ’ āˇ€ෙāļąු⎀ෙāļą් āļēොāļ¯āˇ€āļēි. āļ¸ේ āļąි⎃ාāļ¸ āļ‡āļē āļœී āļœāļēāļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‡āļ­ි⎀āļą āˇ„​ෘāļ¯āļē āļģෝāļœāļēāļšිāļą් āļš්‍⎂āļąිāļšāˇ€ āļ¸ිāļēāļēāļēි.

āļ‰āļą්āļ´āˇƒු⎀ āļ¯ිāļœāˇ„ැāļģෙāļą්āļąේ āļ´්‍āļģං⎁ āļĸාāļ­ිāļš āˇ€ෙāļģොāļąිāļš්āļœේ āļšāļ­ා⎀āļē​. āļ‡āļē āļ‰āļ­ා āļ¯ිāļēුāļąු ⎃ං⎃්āļš​ෘāļ­ිāļš āˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļēāļšි. ⎀ෙāļģෝāļąිāļšාāļœේ āļ¸āļģāļąāļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗāˇ€ āļ…āļ¯්āļˇූāļ­ āļŊෙ⎃ āļ¯ැāļąāļœāļą්āļąා āļ‡āļē āļœීāļ­ āļœාāļēāļąāļē āļ­āļ¸ාāļ§ āļ…āļą්āļ­āļģාāļ¯ාāļēāļš āļļ⎀ ⎀āļ§āˇ„ාāļœෙāļą āļ‘āļē āļąāˇ€āļ­ා āļ¯āļ¸ා ⎃ංāļœීāļ­ āļœුāļģු⎀āļģිāļēāļš āļŊෙ⎃ ⎀​ෘāļ­්āļ­ීāļē āļœāļ¸āļą āļ…āļģāļšāļēි. āļ‡āļē āļ´ිāļģිāļ¸ිāļą් ⎃āļ¸āļœ āˇƒෑāļ¸āˇ€ිāļ§āļ¸ āļēāļ¸් āļ†āļģāļš්‍⎂ිāļ­ āļ´āļģāļ­āļģāļēāļš් āļ´āˇ€āļ­්⎀ා āļœāļą්āļąා āļ…āļ­āļģ āļŊිංāļœිāļš āˇƒāļļāļŗāļ­ා ⎀āļŊāļ¯ී ⎀ිāļ´ිāļŊි⎃āļģ ⎀ෙāļēි. āļ‡āļē āļēāļ¸් āļ…āļ­ීāļ­ āˇ€ේāļ¯āļąා⎀āļšිāļą් āļ´ෙ⎅ෙāļą āļļ⎀ āļ ිāļ­්‍āļģāļ´āļ§āļē āļ´ෙāļą්⎀āļēි. āļš​ෘāļ­ිāļēේ āļąāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļąු⎀ āļ¸ෙāļē "⎀ෙāļģොāļąිāļš්āļœේ āļ¯්⎀ි-āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļē​" ⎀āļą āļļැ⎀ිāļą් ⎀ෙāļģෝāļąිāļšා āļēāļąු ⎀ෙāļģොāļąිāļš් āļ­āļ¸ āļ†āļģāļš්‍⎂ාāļšාāļģී āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļē āļ­ු⎅ āļ­āļ¸ාāļ§ āļ¸āļœāˇ„ැāļģුāļąු āļšොāļ§āˇƒ (āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļēේ āļģැāļŠිāļšāļŊ් āļ…āļģ්āļ°āļē​) āļŊෙ⎃ ⎀āļ§āˇ„ා āļœāļą්āļąා āļ¯ෙāļēāļēි. āļ¸ේ āļ…āļ­āļģ ⎀ෙāļģොāļąිāļš් āļ­āļ¸ාāļ§ āļ¸ුāļąāļœැ⎃ෙāļą āļģූāļšāļŠ āļąāļ§āˇ€āļą්āļąāļšු ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļ´්‍āļģේāļ¸āļēāļš් āļ‡āļ­ිāļšāļģ āļœāļąී. ⎀ෙāļģොāļąිāļš්āļœේ āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļēāļ§ āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēෙāļą් ⎃āļ¸ීāļ´ āˇ€āļą āļģූāļšāļŠ āļąāļ§āˇ€āļą්āļąා āļ‡āļēāļœේ āļšැāļ¸āļģා⎀ේ āļ´ිāļą්āļ­ූāļģ āļ­ු⎅ āļ‘āļš් āļģූāļ´āļēāļš āˇƒිāļ§ිāļą āˇ€ෙāļģොāļąිāļš්āļ§ āļ‰āļ­ා ⎃āļ¸ාāļą āļ­āļģුāļĢිāļēāļš āļ´ෙāļą්⎀āļēි. āļ¸ෙāļē ⎀ෙāļģොāļąිāļš් āļ‡āļœේ āļ´ෝāļŊāļą්āļ­ āˇƒංāļ ාāļģāļēāļšāļ¯ී āļœāļ­් āļ´ිāļą්āļ­ූāļģāļēāļš් ⎀āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ…⎄āļ¸්āļļෙāļą් āļ‘⎄ි ⎀ෙāļģෝāļąිāļšා ⎃āļ§āˇ„āļą්⎀ ⎃ිāļ§ිāļēි. āļ¯āļš්‍⎂ āļšāļ­ාāļšාāļģāļēāļšු ⎀āļą āļģූāļšāļŠ āļąāļ§āˇ€āļą්āļąා āļ¸ෙā ⎃ිāļ¯ු⎀ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ´āˇƒු ⎀ෙāļģෝāļąිāļšා āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗ āļ´්‍āļģāļļāļą්āļ°āļē ⎀āļŠාāļ­් ⎃ංāļœāļ­ āļŊෙ⎃ āļœොāļŠāļąāļœා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ€ෙāļģොāļąිāļš්āļ§ āļ‹āļ¯āˇ€් āļšāļģāļēි. āļ”⎄ු āļ‰āļ­ා āļ¯āļš්‍⎂ āļŊෙ⎃ ⎀ෙāļģොāļąිāļš්āļ§ āļ­āļ¸ āļ…āļģ්āļŽ āļŊෝāļšāļēේāļ¯ී āļ¸āļœāˇ„ැāļģුāļąු āļ¯ෙāļē ⎃්āļŽාāļąāļœāļ­ āļšāļģ āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļ´ිāļ§ුāļļāļŊ āļ¯ෙāļą āļ…āļąෙāļšා āļļ⎀āļ§​ āļ´āļ­්⎀ෙāļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€āļ§āˇ„ාāļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļ´āˇƒු⎀āļ¯ āˇ€ෙāļģොāļąිāļš් ⎀ෙāļģෝāļąිāļšා āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­්⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‹āļ­්⎃ා⎄ āļšāļģāļą āļļ⎀āļš් āļ ිāļ­්‍āļģāļ´āļ§āļē āļąොāļ´ෙāļą්⎀āļēි. āļ‡āļēāļ§ āļ­āļ¸ āˇƒං⎀ිāļ°ිāļ­ āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļē āļ¯ි⎁ාāļąāļ­ āļšāļģ āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ€ෙāļģෝāļąිāļšා āļ¸āļœ āˇƒāļŊāļšුāļąāļš් āļŊෙ⎃ āļ†āļ°ාāļģ ⎀āļą āļļ⎀ ⎃ිāļ­ිāļē ⎄ැāļš​. āļ…āļąාāļœāļ­āļē āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ේ ⎀ෙāļģෝāļąිāļšාāļ§ āļąො⎀ ⎀ෙāļģොāļąිāļš්āļ§āļē​. (āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ් ⎀⎁āļēෙāļą් ⎃ැāļŊāļšු⎀āļ¯ āļ…āļąාāļœāļ­āļēāļš් āļ­ිāļļුāļąේ āļ´ෝāļŊāļą්āļ­āļēāļ§ āļąො⎀ āļ´්‍āļģං⎁āļēāļ§āļē​).



āļ¯ැāļą් āļ¸ා āļ”āļļāļ§ āļēෝāļĸāļąා āļšāļģāļą්āļąේ āļ‰āˇ„āļ­ āļģූāļšāļŠ āļąāļ§āˇ€āļą්āļąාāļœේ āļˇූāļ¸ිāļšා⎀ ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļ…āļĸිāļ­් āļ­ිāļŊāļšāˇƒේāļą āˇƒං⎃āļą්āļ¯āļąāļē āļšāļģāļą āļŊෙ⎃āļē​. āļšාāļŊ ⎀ේāļŊා⎀ āļ­ිāļļේ āļąāļ¸් āļ‰āˇ„āļ­ āļ ිāļ­්‍āļģāļ´āļ§āļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļ…āļĸිāļ­්āļœේ ⎃ා⎄ිāļ­්‍āļēāļē āļ´āļģි⎁ීāļŊāļąāļē āļšāļģāļą āļŊෙ⎃āļ§āļ¯ āļ”āļļāļ§ āļ‡āļģāļēුāļ¸් āļšāļģāļ¸ි. āļ¸āļœේ āļąāļ¸් āļāļĸු āļąිāļœāļ¸āļąāļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ…āļĸිāļ­් āļēāļąු āļ‰āˇ„āļ­ āļģූāļšāļŠ āļąāļ§āˇ€āļą්āļąාāļ¸ āˇ€āļą āļļ⎀āļēි. ⎀ෙāļģොāļąිāļš්āļ§ āˇ€ෙāļģෝāļąිāļšා āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗāˇ€ āļļොāļŗāˇ€ූ ⎃ිāļ­ු⎀āļ¸āļšāļ§ āˇƒāļ¸ාāļą āˇ€ැāļ§āˇ„ීāļ¸āļš් āļ¸ුāļŊ ⎃ිāļ§āļ¸ āļ­ිāļļුāļąāļ¯ āļ‘āļē āļ´ැ⎄ැāļ¯ිāļŊි⎀ āļ†āļ›්‍āļēාāļąāļœāļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ†āļ°ාāļģ ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļģූāļšāļŠāļšāļģු⎀ාāļē​. āļ‘āļē ⎃ිāļ¯ු āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ´ෙāļģ āļ”⎄ු āļ­āļ¸ා ⎃ිāļ§ිāļą āļ­ැāļą āˇ„āļŗුāļąා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‹āļ´āļšාāļģ ⎀āļą āˇ„āļŠāļ´āļ§āļēāļš් ⎀ෙāļģොāļąිāļš් ⎀ෙāļ­ āļē⎀āļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ„āļŠāļ´āļ§āļē ⎀ිāļšාāļģāļģූāļ´ී āļ‘āļšāļš් ⎀āļą āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ‘āļē āļ†āļ°ාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļ”⎄ු ⎃ිāļ§ිāļą āļ…⎀āļą්⎄āļŊ ⎃ොāļēාāļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ€ෙāļģොāļąිāļš් ⎃āļ¸āļ­් ⎀ෙāļēි. āļ…āļĸිāļ­්āļœේ ⎃ා⎄ිāļ­්‍āļēāļē āļ­ු⎅ āļ‡āļ­ි āļļො⎄ෝ āļģූāļ´āļšāļēāļą්āāļ¸ෙā⎄āļŠāļ´āļ§āļēāļ§​ āˇƒāļ¸ාāļą āļēāļēි āļ¸āļ¸ āˇƒිāļ­āļ¸ි. āļ­ාāļģ්āļšිāļš āļļුāļ¯්āļ°ිāļ¸āļē āļŊෝāļšāļēāļ§ āļ´ි⎀ි⎃ෙāļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ…āļ´ āˇ€ි⎃ිāļą් āļ´්‍āļģāļ­්‍āļēāļš්‍⎂āļēāļą් (obvious [axiom āļąො⎀ේ]) āļŊෙ⎃ ⎃āļŊāļšා āļ¸āļœāˇ„⎅ āļšāļģුāļąු āļ”⎄ු āļąැ⎀āļ­ āļ´āļģීāļš්‍⎂ා⎀āļ§ āļŊāļš් āļšāļģāļēි. āļ¯ැāļąුāļ¸ේ āļ‰āļ­ා āļ¸ූāļŊිāļš āļ­āļŊ ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļœො⎃් āļ‰āļ­ා ⎃ු⎅ු ⎀ෙāļąāˇƒāļš් ⎃ිāļ¯ු āļšāˇ…⎀ිāļ§ āļ´āˇ€ා āļ‘āļē āļ¸āˇ„ේāļš්‍⎂ āļ­āļŊāļē āļ­ු⎅ ⎀ිāļšාāļģāˇƒāˇ„āļœāļ­ āļŊෙ⎃ āļ¯ි⎃්⎀āļą āļļ⎀ āļ”⎄ු āļ ිāļ­්‍āļģāļąāļē āļšāļģāļēි. āļļො⎄ෝ ⎃ා⎄ිāļ­්‍āļē āļš​ෘāļ­ීāļą් ⎄ැāļœීāļ¸් ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļļāļ¯්āļ° āˇ€āļąāˇ€ිāļ§ āļ…āļĸිāļ­්āļœේ ⎃ා⎄ිāļ­්‍āļēāļē āļ¯ැāļąුāļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļ­ āļ¯ි⎁ාāļąāļ­ āˇ€āļą්āļąේ āļēāļēි āļ¸āāļēෝāļĸāļąා āļšāļģāļ¸ි. āļ­āļ¸ āˇƒා⎄ිāļ­්‍āļēāļēāļ§ āļ…āļą්āļ­āļģ්āļœāļ­āļēāļš් āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ි āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ”⎄ු āļšāļģāļą āļ´්‍āļģāļšා⎁āļē ⎃āļ¸āļœāļ¯ āļ¸āļ§ āļ‘āļšāļœ āˇ€ිāļē āļąො⎄ැāļš​.

āļšāļŊා āļš​ෘāļ­ිāļēāļš් ⎀āļ§āˇ„ාāļœැāļąීāļ¸ āļēāļąු⎀ෙāļą් āļ¯ෙāļēāļš් āļ¸āļ¸ āˇ€ි⎁්⎀ා⎃ āļąොāļšāļģāļ¸ි. ⎀āļ§āˇ„ාāļœැāļąීāļ¸ āļēāļą්āļąෙāļą් āļš​ෘāļ­ිāļēāļšāļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒාāļą āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļēāļš් āļ‡āļ­ැāļēි ⎄ැāļœāˇ€ේ. āļ‡āˇƒිāļē āļēුāļ­ු āļ´්‍āļģ⎁්āļąāļē āļąāļ¸් āļš​ෘāļ­ිāļēāļš් āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļšāļŽāļąāļē āļšāˇ… ⎄ැāļšිāļ¯ āļēāļą්āļąāļē​. āļ…āļĸිāļ­්āļœේ ⎃ා⎄ිāļ­්‍āļēāļē ⎃āļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļ…āļˇිāļēෝāļœāļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ‘āļē āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļšāļŽāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļąāļ¸් āļ´ො⎄ො⎃āļ­් āļ…āļģ්āļŽ āļŊෝāļšāļēāļš් āļ…⎀⎁්‍āļē ⎀ීāļ¸āļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ…āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ āļ´āˇ„āļ­ āˇ€ැāļšි āļ¯ෙāļš āļļ⎀āļ§ āˇƒාāļģාං⎁āļœāļ­ āļšāˇ… ⎄ැāļš​.

āļ”āļļ ⎀ෙāļģොāļąිāļš් ⎀ැāļąි āļ¯ිāļēුāļąු ⎃ං⎃්āļš​ෘāļ­ිāļš āļ¸āļąු⎂්‍āļēāļēāļšු āļąāļ¸් āļ…āļĸිāļ­් āļ­ිāļŊāļšāˇƒේāļą āļ”āļļāļœේ ⎃ිāļ­ීāļ¸ āļ¯ි⎁ාāļąāļ­ āļšāļģāļą āļ‘āļš් āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ීāļ´ාāļœාāļģāļēāļš් ⎀ිāļē ⎄ැāļš​. āļ”āļļ āļ‹āļ´ේāļš්‍⎂ා ⎃්⎀āļģ්āļĢāļ¸ාāļŊි ⎄ෝ āļģāļą්āļĸāļą් āļģාāļ¸āļąාāļēāļš āˇ€āļœේ āļąāļ¸් āļ‰āļ­ිāļą් āļšāļģāļą්āļą āļ¯ෙāļēāļš් āļąැāļ­​.

[āļ¯ෙāļšāļš් ⎄ැāļģුāļąු ⎀ිāļ§ āļŊිāļ´ිāļē āļ­ු⎅ āļ…āļŠංāļœු ⎀āļą āļģූāļ´ āˇƒිāļēāļŊ්āļŊ āļ…āļĸිāļ­්āļœේ "āļ¸āļŊ් ⎀ැāļąි āļœāļŊ්" āļąāļ¸ැāļ­ි āļš​ෘāļ­ිāļēෙ⎄ි āļ…āļŠංāļœු ⎀āļą āˇƒංāļēුāļš්āļ­ āļšāˇ€ි ⎀ේ.]

Tuesday, January 17, 2012

Forget Steve Jobs


Significance of the contribution by Steve Jobs (SJ for the remainder of the article) towards IT industry is unarguable. He was a rare visionary who changed the way many people live. He is remembered particularly for his unconventional way of living and thinking. After his recent demise there was a hype to read and talk about him, resulting in many specters of SJ. Since a lot of people have already talked about SJ, I will limit my discussion mostly for placing him historically with respect to today's world. 

The stubborn capitalist
One way to start is to praise him for being a true capitalist. SJ did not give lot of money away for charity. In fact, it is said that he did cut down Apple's expenses on charity when he joined the company for second time. This is one point where he is being criticized, but I insist that this is the right attitude. The system under which we live is none other than capitalism. The backbone of capitalism, as the name itself suggests, is capital, which has the amazing capability of growing itself. In order to grow, one needs to invest it. Charity sounds against this basic rule of capitalism. When someone becomes the owner of a big company, and thereby a billionaire, he is a successful man under the existing system. Therefore it is inevitable that he becomes a great protector of the existing system. All the billionaires are great protectors of capitalism, so was SJ. On the other hand, capitalism is a system, through its very mechanism, throws hundreds of millions of people into utter poverty while creating few billionaires. It is only a utopia to imagine a capitalism without poverty. Now, logically it sounds ridiculous to be a great protector of a system which makes millions of poor and then give a part of your money away to make the lives of few hundreds of them somewhat better to make up your mind. I call this "Romantic Capitalism". That's why I say that SJ was correct when he invested all his capital to fuel the realization of his great vision rather than spending a part of it to feed African children. He was a straight man compared to the contemporary romantic capitalists like Bill gates and Warren Buffett. SJ was also the first guy to prove, in the domain of software products, that exchange value is more effective than the use value. One buys an iPhone because he wants to become an iPhone user, not because he wants to use an iPhone. Exchange value is what embodies a product in psychological space. This is what keeps Apple admirers dwell in the Apple world, not the mere use value. 

SJ lived a life on his own principles and was never reluctant to experiment with things that were deemed to be absurd. He was a prominent out-of-the-box thinker. This is one department that intrigues most people. Both people and organizations love to project them as out-of-the-box thinkers. "Thinking outside the frame", "Doing things differently", "brand-new concept" are popular terms in each one's vocabulary. It is not at all rare to see people claiming that they have come up with a radically different concept or a game changing product. However, once analyzed, one can see that most of them are well inside the box. I think what goes on here is that people talk about thinking differently during meetings but resume the same old traditional thinking after that. Out-of-the-box thinking, apparently, is way easier said than done. Radically deviating from the existing thing does not mean to create the exact opposite of it, because the opposite is well defined by the existing thing. So to speak, if A is inside the box, so is NOT(A). I think that out-of-the-box thinking is more pertinent to playing with the undefined thing. That being said, it is also not about wasting time on meaningless questions such as "What if the sun will not rise tomorrow?". In order to meaningfully deviate from the existing thing, one first needs to understand it to the core. Then only, one gets insight into its root elements, structure and dynamics. After this point he can attempt to alter these components in a radically new way. Derrida says that there is a center for every system. Center is fundamental to the system so that every other component in the system revolves around it. At the same time, center is not directly visible and cannot be defined with the concepts in the system because it is so fundamental. For example, scientific method can be the center of science. As we know, scientific method cannot be rigorously defined in scientific terms. It is only "sensed" by the people who delve into scientific theories and engage in science by heart. New scientific inventions were done by people who had this "uncommon sense". One cannot become an out-of-the-box thinker over night. An out-of-the-box thinker must have the courage to endure fear of being ridiculed as well as the commitment to dissolve a significant part of his life on a new endeavor. Therefore it makes sense to assert that just talking about or surface-following SJ is not going to help anyone in becoming an out-of-the-box thinker. In fact this can end up with the syndrome which is compiled into the following beautiful sentence by Slavoj Zizek. "Let's keep on talking about change to make sure that nothing is actually changed in the real world".

SJ's way of changing the world
Let me switch the channel and direct the discussion towards the strategy that SJ had for changing the world, in view of evaluating its applicability in today's world. SJ's strategy was more or less the strategy of US when trying to change the world according to its interests. It's the direct invasive way of influence. In his time it was very much possible for SJ to create a big brand name which depended on big names like him. Products had a long lasting value which resulted in long lasting responsibilities for both the producer and the consumer. Engineers decided what the users want. A huge legacy was built on top of the imagination of a single visionary. In other words it was a "Single God Model" which went in parallel to Christianity. In contrast, the new generations refuse having the burden of any kind of long lasting responsibility. In the same time the technology has taken a radical new path to match the new requirements (I have discussed this in detail here: http://dileepaj.blogspot.com/2011/10/toilet-model-of-life.html). What we see today are many "Gods of Small Things". Let's take the entertainment industry as an example. We are no more seeing stars who remain in people's hearts for decades. Instead, there are stars who emerge in the speed of light and fade out in few months. Many years back Jean Baudrillard said, "In future everybody will be famous for 15 minutes (so will be every product)", and that future is the present we are living in.

An example from world politics would make it clearer that direct invasive model is becoming invalid in the modern world. Has US been successful in its direct invasions of other countries? They have definitely failed in Iraq and Afghanistan. Even in Sri Lanka it is not rare to see protests against US influence. They have created enemies for them all around the world. China, on the other hand, has been monumentally successful in intruding economic and political bodies of countries without direct invasion. Leaders of Latin American countries have guts to openly criticize US because they are backed by China. Even in Sri Lanka, the Chinese influence on political economy is much stronger than that by US. However, we have not seen any protest against Chinese interventions. This is because the Chinese are based on Taoism, which, as a philosophy, is entirely different from Christianity upon which US culture is built. One prominent advice of Taoism is that a ruler should not let the people know or feel that they are being ruled. One should try to be like water which acquires the shape of its surroundings. Before changing something one must change himself according to his subject of change. One must "be there like he is not being there", so to speak. This is the new model of ruling the world and changing things, which is repetitively proven to be successful. SJ's model is nothing but history. (I'm indebted to "Thrimana" Sinhala magazine for this political example). 

Does SJ'ism still sound radical?
Illegal drug usage was a radical thing in SJ's time, but it has become more of a fashion now. Wearing denims to office has been adopted as the norm in software companies. This is no surprise because one time radical practice in history can transform into the tradition in the next era. Essence of SJ is now absorbed into the mainstream and what he did is no more radical. One needs to find his own way of being radical under the new world conditions.

What does it really mean to be different?
Derrida said that there are two components to the future. How the world economy will be in 1 year can be predicted with a certain degree of accuracy today. The weather too can be predicted within a short time span. This is the first component; the imaginable / predictable part of the future. However, the fascinating part is the future that cannot be predicted or imagined. This is what Derrida calls the "real" future. The real future man is the one I cannot define with the existing concepts. If you want to be him, you have to forget SJ and find that future man from within you.